Regulatory Blog

How M&A works in Qatar: Companies Law mergers and takeovers, competition review, QFMA offer rules, foreign ownership limits and tax.

How Oman disputes are resolved: arbitration under Royal Decree 47/1997, the Investment and Commerce Court, annulment, and foreign awards and judgments.

How Bahrain disputes are resolved: arbitration under Law 9/2015, the BICC court, annulment, foreign awards and foreign court judgments.

How Qatar disputes are resolved: arbitration under Law 2/2017, QFC courts, annulment, enforcing foreign awards and foreign court judgments.

Saudi Arabia's Companies Law issued by Royal Decree M/132 of 30 June 2022, in force since 19 January 2023: the five company forms plus non-profit and professional companies, JSC minimum capital of SAR 500,000, the simplified joint-stock company with no minimum capital, LLC transfer and continuity rules, mergers with a 30-day creditor objection route, the 90% buy-out rule, liquidation within three years and penalties up to SAR 5 million.

How UAE disputes are resolved: arbitration under Law 6/2018, onshore courts, the DIFC Courts, annulment, and enforcing awards and foreign judgments.

Registration, ownership rules, termination, compensation and change of agent under Bahrain's commercial agencies Legislative Decree No. 10 of 1992.

A guide to offer and acceptance, promises to contract, interpretation, hardship and agreed damages under the Qatari Civil Code.

How the Saudi Civil Transactions Law treats negotiation liability, framework agreements, promises to contract, hardship and agreed damages.

Registration, exclusivity, termination notice and compensation for commercial agencies in the UAE under Federal Law No. 3 of 2022.

What Oman's Foreign Capital Investment Law guarantees an investor before incorporation, and what to confirm before you commit capital.

The legal obligations a UAE company takes on after incorporation, from records and filings to tax and ownership reporting, with what to calendar.

How a commercial contract is formed under Oman's Civil Transactions Law: offer, acceptance, deposits and the rules foreign investors often miss.

Bahrain company compliance after setup: VAT registration and returns, economic substance reporting and commercial registry renewals and filings.

What a Qatari company must do under the Income Tax Law: registration, returns, withholding, records and penalties, with the dates that matter.

A legal map for foreign investors entering Saudi Arabia under the new Investment Law: what it changes, what stays, and decisions to make first.

A legal guide to entering Qatar: foreign ownership rules, company forms, free zone options and the approvals a foreign investor needs.

A legal guide to setting up in the UAE: company forms, foreign ownership rules, free zones and mainland options for a foreign investor.

A legal guide to company mergers in Bahrain, competition approval, and the takeover rules for listed companies, with points to confirm early.

How company mergers work in the UAE under the Commercial Companies Law: approvals, creditor objections, timing and the steps to plan for.

A legal guide to setting up in Bahrain: company forms, foreign ownership rules and the registration steps a foreign investor must follow.

What an Oman limited liability company must do after incorporation under the Commercial Companies Law: records, meetings, filings and renewals.

Director liability suits, creditor objections and dissenter exits: how disputes are run after the new Companies Law.

Two merger forms, creditor objection windows, minority protections at the 90% threshold: what the new Companies Law changes for your next deal.

Assemblies and financial statements on fixed deadlines, director liability and fines up to five million riyals: the annual compliance map after the new Companies Law.

Seven neighboring countries, seven different legal answers to the same question: how does a foreign investor incorporate?

Qatar is a small, high-income market, and entering it is easier than many assume

Saudi Arabia is the region's largest economy and its fastest-changing regulatory environment; since February 2025, foreign-investor entry has been governed

Since full foreign ownership took effect under Federal Decree-Law No. 32 of 2021 on Commercial Companies, as amended, the question is no longer "can I own my

Bahrain offers foreign investors one of the region's most open formation environments

Oman is a quiet but well-regulated market, and entering it correctly starts before signing anything

A regional technology launch can involve a network, software, hosted content, customer contracts and payments.

Begin with a concrete flow, such as a customer submitting a request in one country and receiving support from another.

Fintech and DeFi are labels, not descriptions of who holds customer money or tokens.

State what will be sold, where customers are, who will contract with them and where decisions and money will move.